Don't Touch This Book!: Revelation 22:18-19 and the Rhetoric of Reading (in) the Apocalypse of John
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Unit of measurement half-dozen.
The Pleasure of Reading
Reading for Data
18. Read the text in one case very attentively and complete the sentences after it with the appropriate variants.
The Printed Word
The earliest books were written on tablets of wood or pieces of bark. In Greece and Rome the tablets of forest were covered with wax, and writing was impressed upon them with a small stick called �stylus�. These tablets were held together on one side with thin strips of leather or metallic rings. In Assyria and Babylonia clay tablets were used for writing, and the words were drawn with a piece of wood. After blistering the tablets were kept on shelves but like books are kept today. Although the clay tablets didn�t expect very beautiful, they were long-lasting and some of them survived until the nowadays day. The earliest books of the ancient world were written on papyrus Ipa'pairssj and skins of immature animals. These books took the form of a long strip rolled from one cylinder to some other. These writings were known to the Romans equally volumen from which comes the word volume. Though paper has been known in Communist china since the first century, the hugger-mugger of papermaking came to Europe much later.
Books were quite mutual in ancient Rome: we know that there were many booksellers and the first public library was founded at that place about 39 B.C.i Merely the rich could purchase books or make their slaves copy books from important libraries. Past the time of the Middle Ages all books were handwritten and often beautifully decorated. Libraries used to chain books to the shelves so that they could not exist removed from the edifice. But very few people could read them. The invention of printing was a actually slap-up issue in history. The kickoff people to invent printing were the Chinese. In Europe there were several people who can be called inventors of printing. The best-known is Johann Gutenberg from Frg.
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Printing spread chop-chop over Europe and by the end of the 15th century in that location were more than than 200 presses. The early printers were not only craftsmen, but also editors, publishers and booksellers. The get-go printing press in England was fix by William Caxton at Westminster in 1476, and the showtime printing press in Russian federation � by Ivan Fedorov in Moscow in 1564. Printed books soon reached a very high standard and the craftsmen were rightfully proud of their piece of work. Eventually at that place were more and more people in Europe who could read and they wanted more and more than books. That led to opening more libraries.
Early libraries were used only by scientists and were few. By and by they grew in number and began to be used by the public. The 19th century saw the appearance of a proper system of public libraries. Now almost countries have their own national libraries. Many erstwhile university libraries take rich collections of books: Oxford and Cambridge in England, Harvard and Yale JJeil] in the United states of america. Amongst the great libraries of the world nosotros tin can name the British Museum Library (the British Library) in London, the Library of Congress in the United states, the Beijingane Library in Communist china, the Country Public Library in Moscow, Bibliotheque Nationale in France. The world�s largest is the US Library of Congress. It holds almost 90 1000000 items � books and manuscripts. The library was founded in 1800 in Washington, DC for the employ of Congress and later became a public library. Bibliotheque Nationale dates dorsum to the 17th century and the British Museum Library was gear up in the 18th century. The Country Public Library in Moscow was founded in 1862 and has unique collections of books.
Modern libraries do their all-time to help people get information as quickly as possible. They use computers and electronic catalogues. Probably the nearly difficult trouble for whatever library is to go on their books, journals and films. How they do information technology is a new story.
1. In aboriginal Rome ________________.
- people used to sell books
- rich people founded public libraries
- a lot of people were able to read books in the libraries
- slaves were non immune to touch books
2. The US Library of Congress ____________________.
- has only printed editions
- is as big as the British Museum Library
- is the oldest of all famous public libraries
- is used non merely by American congressmen
xix. Await through the text again and find out:
- what materials were used to brand ancient books;
- in what places of the world people had books in ancient times;
- where and when printing was invented;
- by whom early libraries were used;
- when many public libraries appeared;
- what old universities have good libraries;
- what cities of the earth have not bad libraries.
20. Read the text once again for more detailed information and detect in the text words and discussion combinations which mean:
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21. Say what new things y'all�ve learned from the text.
22. The text �The Printed Word� has got a lot of international words. Judge what they are.
23. These sentences are answers to certain questions on the text �The Printed Word". Say what the questions are.
| one. On tablets of woods or pieces of bawl. | 5. Virtually 39 B.C. |
24. Give each paragraph of the text �The Printed Word� a name to make a full general outline of the whole text.
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